One of the ongoing disputes is whether there is a particular single path to awakening or whether many different paths, or blends of paths, will work for awakening, depending on the participant. There are endless arguments from some proponents about how folk can only awaken by their particular route, from which they are, interestingly, benefiting financially.
There are useful scientific descriptions of these two alternatives on whether goal or path is what matters...a State function and a Path function.
Path functions are those whose result depends on the particular path taken to reach a given state; different routes give different final states, i.e. - all roads don't lead to Rome, only the one they're selling does.
In contrast to path functions, state functions don't depend on the path taken; it doesn't matter how you get there, the final state is the same - all roads do lead to Rome, or Maui.
The difference matters in individual performance activities, like tennis, snowboarding, chess, wing-suiting, golf, running, violin, etc. Does anyone care what path you took if you got the Gold Medal in snowboarding, became a chess grand master, or won Wimbledon? Did everyone who reached those goals have exactly the same practices, or were there many variations based on their individual capacities and backgrounds?
Path functions are those whose result depends on the particular path taken to reach a given state; different routes give different final states, i.e. - all roads don't lead to Rome, only the one they're selling does.
In contrast to path functions, state functions don't depend on the path taken; it doesn't matter how you get there, the final state is the same - all roads do lead to Rome, or Maui.
The difference matters in individual performance activities, like tennis, snowboarding, chess, wing-suiting, golf, running, violin, etc. Does anyone care what path you took if you got the Gold Medal in snowboarding, became a chess grand master, or won Wimbledon? Did everyone who reached those goals have exactly the same practices, or were there many variations based on their individual capacities and backgrounds?
It is important to clearly understand what your desired state/goal is before you begin your journey. Different goals require different approaches. Whether your spiritual goal is:
a) to end your own suffering, or
b) to end the suffering of all others, or
c) to have eternal bliss, or
d) to have great experiences to tell frenemies about, or
e) to spend eternity in some fabulous heaven, or
f) to get a better rebirth, or
g) to be known as an "enlightened" being or avatar, etc.
different approaches are necessary.
If your spiritual goal is really a long wish list like that of a well-known Tibetan Buddhist;
A complicated goal |
then the path gets "complicated".
There may also be other goals that are involved. Some folk aren't really THAT interested in the "awakening" goals described above. They really want an activity that addresses other issues:
a) They are lonely and want friends in a shared social activity/search that never ends
b) They want to be in the "latest/hottest/coolest" activity, so they won't be left out of discussions or gatherings. When it is "over", they move on to whatever is "hot" next.
c) "Everyone" is following a popular, charismatic leader who is "all over the internet" and they don't want to be left out, no matter what it is about...alien possession, angels, space ships from behind the moon, NDEs, past lives, visiting other planets, zombies, etc.
d) Their life seems to have no meaning and they want something, anything, that is real, and authentic.
e) They want to make as much money as possible, for as long as they can, on this spirituality thing, until the next big thing comes along.
There is also the claim that no one who hasn't "done" their particular path can understand, comment on, or criticize it, no matter what the results are. The path itself is the goal. Whether you win Wimbledon doesn't matter, all that matters is whether you did the "right" practices.
This ensures that their path will remain exclusive even if the results aren't that good. If they are selling their path to others, it is worth a lot more $$$ if it is exclusive and special and beyond measurement of outcomes.
Given the wide variation in our capabilities, it is hard to believe that anyone would claim there is only one path to awakening. your success in achieving your goal will be heavily dependent on:
a) genetics
b) physical capability
c) age
d) where and when you were born
e) parents, family, friends
f) education
g) past/present drug usage, recreation or pharmaceutical
h) dietary preferences
i) finances, or lack thereof
j) religious belief which you would like to strengthen or reject
k) work with other teachers, practices and experiences
l) which you value more - experiences, intellectual understanding, or emotional rewards.
m) whether you are generally active or passive
n) whether you are a follower or want to find your own path.
o) basic intelligence
p) whether you are casual, curious, interested, committed or dedicated
q) ability to forego immediate pleasure for future rewards
This is even more apparent when you see how many variations of paths there are even w/in one sub-set of a religion or practice, like "meditation" or "yoga".
That is what worked for "me", and why i offer folk the widest possible spectrum of practices, including self-inquiry, affirmations, negations, surrender, yoga, chanting, sitting/lying down/walking meditation, bhakti yoga, karma yoga, etc. Atypically, i even recommend other folks' work if it has been useful. Any path will take you to the goal; awakening is a "state", not a "path".
your "best" path will be the one that appeals to you, speaks to you, and draws you in. The most fantastic path that "everyone is doing" but that doesn't appeal to you, can't compare to the one that does appeal to you...simply because you will do it. If you don't like it, you ultimately will stop doing it. If this approach stops working after a while, find another one...it's time to leave that boat behind as it has gotten you as far as it can.
There may also be other goals that are involved. Some folk aren't really THAT interested in the "awakening" goals described above. They really want an activity that addresses other issues:
The desire to "fit in" |
b) They want to be in the "latest/hottest/coolest" activity, so they won't be left out of discussions or gatherings. When it is "over", they move on to whatever is "hot" next.
c) "Everyone" is following a popular, charismatic leader who is "all over the internet" and they don't want to be left out, no matter what it is about...alien possession, angels, space ships from behind the moon, NDEs, past lives, visiting other planets, zombies, etc.
d) Their life seems to have no meaning and they want something, anything, that is real, and authentic.
e) They want to make as much money as possible, for as long as they can, on this spirituality thing, until the next big thing comes along.
There is also the claim that no one who hasn't "done" their particular path can understand, comment on, or criticize it, no matter what the results are. The path itself is the goal. Whether you win Wimbledon doesn't matter, all that matters is whether you did the "right" practices.
This ensures that their path will remain exclusive even if the results aren't that good. If they are selling their path to others, it is worth a lot more $$$ if it is exclusive and special and beyond measurement of outcomes.
Given the wide variation in our capabilities, it is hard to believe that anyone would claim there is only one path to awakening. your success in achieving your goal will be heavily dependent on:
a) genetics
b) physical capability
c) age
d) where and when you were born
e) parents, family, friends
f) education
g) past/present drug usage, recreation or pharmaceutical
h) dietary preferences
i) finances, or lack thereof
j) religious belief which you would like to strengthen or reject
k) work with other teachers, practices and experiences
l) which you value more - experiences, intellectual understanding, or emotional rewards.
m) whether you are generally active or passive
n) whether you are a follower or want to find your own path.
o) basic intelligence
p) whether you are casual, curious, interested, committed or dedicated
q) ability to forego immediate pleasure for future rewards
This is even more apparent when you see how many variations of paths there are even w/in one sub-set of a religion or practice, like "meditation" or "yoga".
That is what worked for "me", and why i offer folk the widest possible spectrum of practices, including self-inquiry, affirmations, negations, surrender, yoga, chanting, sitting/lying down/walking meditation, bhakti yoga, karma yoga, etc. Atypically, i even recommend other folks' work if it has been useful. Any path will take you to the goal; awakening is a "state", not a "path".
your "best" path will be the one that appeals to you, speaks to you, and draws you in. The most fantastic path that "everyone is doing" but that doesn't appeal to you, can't compare to the one that does appeal to you...simply because you will do it. If you don't like it, you ultimately will stop doing it. If this approach stops working after a while, find another one...it's time to leave that boat behind as it has gotten you as far as it can.
Thank you for your post Gary. I am not sure if I am misreading one of the things you said, but I would hate to think that my (14 years distant) path of drug and alcohol abuse would have any (negative) bearing on my spiritual path now. There is a lot of dissent about this, and on the topic of addiction. On the occasions that I have mentioned to people 'in recovery' that all interest in using substances fell away early on my spiritual path, due to no effort on my part, they uniformly state that addiction is a 'disease' that one is never rid of. This perplexes me. Current experience is that body/mind is clear, & that no residue remains. In your work with many people, do you have experience that could cast light on this, and in your post, when you listed prior drug use as having some sort of bearing on the outcome of the spiritual path, I gather you meant negative outcome? Thanks.
ReplyDeleteHI Amaryllis. No, on the contrary, i consider previous use of serotonergic psychedelics as something that can be a critical positive, and potentially necessary, element on the path of nondual awakening for some folk.
ReplyDeleteIn my case, i did a lot of kundalini "mystical" work and had a "psychedelic" experience from reading a Zen poem, so i was able to see (and the brain saw) that the "consensus" reality was just one of many possibilities that the brain could produce. For "me" it also showed that not only was the perceived reality "not real", but that (self-referential) thoughts could be stopped, which was my main focus, so it was huge for me.
In my talks @ the most recent SAND conference in San Jose and @ CIIS in San Francisco, i told folk that they needed to have had a "mystical/psychedelic" experience of some magnitude and duration if they were going to be successful in nondual awakening. Psilocybin/mushrooms appears to be gaining a great deal of scientific verification and validation w/research @ many places in the U.S. and U.K. and i would be surprised if it wasn't the next entheogen downgraded/rescheduled for wider use, starting w/cancer pain remediation which is where a lot of the cannabis legislation changes started.
i would also add that cannabis/weed does not seem to be useful for nondual awakening, as research studies have shown that it actually strengthens activity in the Default Mode Network, the seat of the I/me/my selfing functions, which we are trying to deconstruct or weaken. That is also my experience w/the many cannabis users i have worked with...it isn't really helpful, but it doesn't make it impossible, just more difficult.
It is also critical that folk realize that they can't produce "persistent nonduality" with external sources of entheogens alone. The brain has to learn how to do it "all by itself", which it can, as the same networks, receptors and chemistry are used by the brain. If the brain is continually bombarded with external sources of entheogens, it can never learn how to do it. Once the brain understands and sees the goal, then self-inquiry and surrender can take over and the brain can learn how to do it w/o the external sources and do it "persistently", which in my case is > 90% of the time.
Great question as it provided some important clarification on a critical issue.
stillness
Thanks for your answer Gary. I will briefly add my own experience of psychedics (LSD & psilocybin), as it diverges from what you have seen (that they can be an important adjunct) in working with people who desire awakening. In short, I found their use a disaster. There are a number of reasons for this. I started taking LSD and psilocybin when I was 14, and I am in no doubt that drugs do terrible damage to young nervous systems. I was having beautiful merged experiences of oneness (albeit very brief) without drugs, but after I started to use them, my life meandered down a dark path for many years, somewhat out of control. In all of my heavy use of psychedelics, I never felt that I had access to anything special. It never struck me that the world was not as I had thought it was before I used drugs; it sort of seemed the same, but edgier. Shamanic wisdom holds that because I used psilocybin without respect or proper guidance, that it showed me only darkness. I am open to this point of view, but have no experience of shamanism to decide for myself.
ReplyDeleteI agree with you that cannabis is not a pathway to awakening. I will also say that people should be very careful of using drugs if they are not aware of their CYP450 status . Taking drugs and not being able to metabolise them (as was the case with me) just leads to days of no sleep, no food, agitated movement (akathisia) and for the unlucky, psychosis (I really believe I was being somehow taken care of, because that did not happen to me, although with three polymorphisms, it 'should' have). I know you have a scientific bent, so maybe 'being taken care of' is a little beyond the pale :). If so, please excuse me, but I am rather amazed at what I have come through, unscathed. My final comment on drug use is also unscientific :), but I feel that I have a small capacity to directly apprehend my own energy system/feeling of energy in the body (not sure what to call it), and taking drugs used to put the energy out of coherence (more like into a frenzy), whereas meditation/being in a forest/being in the flow, puts it into perfect coherence. I know some people find that drugs are a valid spiritual path, but I think they have to be approached with great care.
Hi Amaryllis, Yes, i work with some folk in their twenties who took serotonergic psychedelics in their early teens and it was a serious problem that they are now working through. The "teen brain" is a very different situation from the "adult" brain; i rarely give talks to teens and those talks are very different from "adult" talks.
DeleteThe blogpost "Why we're 'complicated' from 12 to 30...recent research" goes over the huge neuroplastic changes that occur during this period and why we evolved to delay the development of the frontal cortex, the control network, by about 10 years as we work out our emotional brain structure adapted for our local environment. As there is much more serious drug usage now for early teens, certainly here in our university town, this will have an increasingly damaging effect on these developing brains.
As said earlier, i have found that many folk in their twenties and beyond have often benefited from limited use of entheogens to show them what is possible if they have not had a somewhat lengthy mystical experience. your point on CYP450 status is a good one, but, IME, that is not something that the average entheogen user will be doing until they find out afterwards, perhaps way afterwards, that there is a metabolism problem.
If you read much of my stuff, you will see that "being take care of" is one of my most consistent themes along the path of surrender and awakening. Once the "I" fell away and there was no one there to "do anything", i found that "my life" danced perfectly w/o "me", and that somehow, "something" was caring for me, and arranging the most astonishing, unimaginable, synchronicities.
There is a beautiful Bhagavad Gita verse about this, IX, 22, which translates as "For those who worship/see the Self everywhere, meditate on the Self, and are always united with and attached to the Self, the Self provides what they need and preserves and protects what they have." That is the primary reason that i use "She/Her" for "the Universe".
stillness
Gary, It would greatly help to know which path is the fastest one to reach the awakened state in your experience and research, and also which paths do not work.
ReplyDeleteI have been trying different paths and what seems to work in my experience are focusing always on breath (confirmed by Ajahn Chah), focusing always on the present taught by Ekhart Tolle, and always asking 'who am I' whenever a thought occurs taught by Ramana Maharshi. I am able to get faster results (reduced thoughts) by Ramana Maharshi's path. The average 10,000 hours of practice which you mentioned was an eye opener for me which increased the intensity of my practice. More results (reduced thoughts) started happening when I started Ramana's path through out the thanks giving holidays.
Hi Talat khan/Shahul,
DeleteIn over 30,000 hrs and 45 years of practice, i've had the opportunity to try virtually every practice imaginable, and i'm still doing "self-inquiry". i didn't start with self-inquiry, but i found it was the only meditation approach that produced almost immediate results, and that kept giving them, and as the only one that could produce persistent, natural, nonduality and end my self-referential internal narrative and the suffering it produced.
In meeting many of the well-known teachers and being in research studies with them, and working with many folk, the outcomes that i found with self-inquiry clearly stand out from the rest.
However, it is not for everyone, as it requires "right up front", and throughout the process, facing into the deep conditioning around the ego/I and the fears and stories that go with it.
Most folk opt out for something easier and less challenging, and there are armies of opportunistic teachers there to offer it, and to give them the rationalization for their approach.
On the 10,000 hrs of practice, it is important to recognize that isn't just the hours that matter, but what you do with those hours that determines whether it takes significantly less or more than that number. The blogpost "Are 10,000 hrs needed for awakening? NO. How to practice better" describes how to maximize the effect of the hours you do practice.
Dominic, in the "Dialogues with Dominic" series mentioned in this post, had less than 1,000 hrs in total when we had those dialogues, so great progress is possible if the time is used wisely. Those dialogues are now detailed and expanded in Dominic's new book "Dialogues with Dominic: A Chronicle of Inquiry and Awakening".
Trust this is useful.
stillness
gary
It appears to me, or ‘I’ that awareness can only be defined by watching thought and sensory perception arise out of nothing. Is that nothing or awareness the place ‘I’ Is created?
ReplyDeleteHi Monomaniacal,
DeleteAwareness doesn't arise out of "nothing".
Consciousness/Awareness is always there, and thoughts, sensory perception, emotions, fears, traumas, the Dance of the "I", appear in Consciousness/Awareness. When there is none of these, there is a Deep, Still, Presence existing continuously "now, now, now".
If you watch carefully when thoughts or sensory perceptions arise, it is apparent that "you" don't create them, it just appears as if they arise out of "nowhere/nothing". However, if you watch very carefully at the very point where/when thoughts arise, you will find that they will stop. What is then apparent is that there is not "nothing" there, but great Presence and Stillness.
stillness
gary
Thanks for responding Gary.
ReplyDeleteDuring meditation there’s a watching of sounds, feelings, thoughts, images etc. They can be seen disappearing into nothing/awareness but rising is a work in progress. In daily functioning life, when the attachment of these sensory perceptions is gone, does thought fall away permanently?
Best,
Chris
Hi Chris,
DeleteThoughts, the problematic self-referential ones, only fall away when the one having the attachment is gone. Deconstructing the ego/I/Chris is simple, just keep seeing if you can find the one that is watching. Where/when/what is the watcher?
The blogposts "What is the 'Direct Path' to nondual awakening? What is self-inquiry?" and "letting go of your attachments to awaken...why/how/when?" discuss this in detail. It is also discussed in my first book, Happiness Beyond Thought. If you look under "Show More" in any of my youTube videos, you'll see a free download link.
Although the process is simple, it requires great perseverance and a desire for liberation as many fears and resistances will appear on the path.
stillness